![]() A relationship between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of cataract has been reported from cross-sectional studies, 15,16 but several prospective cohort studies have not found this association. 14 However, there is uncertainty regarding its association with age-related cataract in elderly adults. 11Īlcohol consumption is a common modifiable lifestyle factor and appears to be associated with a wide range of chronic diseases such as cancers, 12 type 2 diabetes mellitus, 13 and cardiovascular diseases. 10 In a recently published meta-analysis, we found that obesity increased the risks of age-related cataract. Up until now, few risk factors have been consistently associated with age-related cataract except smoking 9 and ultraviolet exposure. The key step for the prevention of age-related cataract is to identify the risk factors for this eye condition, especially modifiable ones. 1–8 With longer life expectancies and an aging population throughout the world, the burden and impact of age-related cataract tend to increase, resulting in a global public health concern. Clinically, information on a patient’s alcohol drinking history might be valuable to general physicians and ophthalmologists when there is a diagnosis of age-related cataract and should be collected on a routine basis in eye clinics.Īge-related cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Heavy alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk of age-related cataract, whereas moderate consumption may be protective for this ocular condition. Adjusting for smoking as a potential confounder attenuated the association between heavy alcohol consumption and cataract. The association between heavy alcohol consumption and cataract was stronger in case-control than in cohort studies. In the meta-analysis of 10 studies, the associations between moderate alcohol consumption and age-related cataract were marginally nonsignificant (pooled relative risk, 0.88 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.05 I 2 = 82.1%), whereas heavy alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of age-related cataract (pooled relative risk, 1.26 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.50 I 2 = 58.9%). Resultsįive case-control and five cohort studies were identified through comprehensive literature search. ![]() We performed separate meta-analyses for the associations of moderate or heavy alcohol consumption with age-related cataract under a random-effects model, respectively. Moderate consumption was defined as less than 20 g of alcohol per day but more than never any. Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as more than two standard drinks per day, which is equal to a daily intake of 20 g of alcohol or 140 g per week. We searched PubMed and Embase from their inception until May 2014 for case-control or cohort studies with data on alcohol consumption and age-related cataract. However, only 20% is farmed for vegetables, cereals, fruits, and other plants, for example, tobacco.To evaluate the association between different amounts of alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related cataract. ©Plant-Based Foods Association Meat is inefficient and costly for the environmentĪccording to the PwC study, about 80% of all agricultural land is used directly or indirectly for meat production. The effect would be even greater if we switched to a vegetarian or vegan diet,” it continues. “Even replacing beef with chicken could halve carbon dioxide emissions from meat production and reduce water consumption by around 30%. According to a new survey, meat consumption is declining in Europe, but seemingly the shift should be more urgent. The current shift in industrialised countries from meat towards a more varied, plant-based diet is slow but meaningful, says the report. The report also emphasizes that changing eating habits is crucial for minimizing food production impacts on the environment and that future generations will struggle to farm if our practices do not change.
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